Wave production



Feb. 5, 1935. l. EREMEEFF' 1,990,023

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Feb. 5, '1.935. 1 EREMEEFF 1,990,023

WAVE PRODUCTION med .my 41o. 1.93.0 3 sheets-sheet 2 Feb. s, 1935. EREMEEF'.; f 1,990,023

WAVE PRODUCTION Filed July-1o, 19so s sheets-sheet s INVENTOR.

Patented Feb. 5, 193s UNITED STATES IPATENT OFFICE 1,990,023 wAvE PRODUCTION Ivan Eremee, Philadelphia, Pa. Application July 10, 1930, Serial No. 466,980

4 Claims. (Cl. 25o-41.5)

10 my Patent 1,948,169 issued February 20, 1934.

one of the objects or my ivenuon is to devise a method and means which permit of producing desired wave forms of an energy,by converting or altering an energy from one form into another, such as altering an uninterrupted light energy in to a pulsating light energy, or converting adirect electric current into alpulsating or alternating electric current, etc.

Another object of my invention is to devise a method and means for producing a desired form of light energy, sound energy, electricalenergy, and .like energies, for musical, television, and signaling purposes.

A further object of my invention is to provide a method and means by which an energy can be converted, for the purpose 'oi' obtaining energy with a desired wave form.

'Ihe nature and objectsof my invention will be more fully understood from the following 30' specication and claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 represents a diagrammatic view of a device for converting direct electric current into pulsating electric current of a desired wave form.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a device, which is simi'ar to the device shown in Fig. 1, with.

modied wiring.

Fig. 3 is a graph of different values of electrical energy, taken successively at a predetermined fraction of time, by a device, such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 represents a graph of the sum of a plurality of dierent values of electrical energy,

. whichhave been produced by a device, such as shown in Fig. 1 or 2, at a predetermined fraction of time.

' Fig. 5 represents a diagrammatic view of a devicefor producing a plurality of different. electrical energies of predetermined wave forms,` in 50 a simultaneous manner.

Fig. 6-A is a diagrammatic view Oi a means for varying an uninterrupted light energy into "Me-g pulsating light energy oi a predetermined uniform order-of variations in its intensity.

Fig. 5-B is a diagrammatic view of slightly modiiied means for varying an uninterrupted light energy. Fig. -A is a graph of curves which illustrate the operation of the device shown in Fig. 6-A,v and Fig. 6-B'. shows curves which illustrate the function of the device shown 5 in Fig. 6-B.

Fig. 7 represents a diagrammatic view of a device for converting a plurality of uninterruptedl lightienergies of predetermined controllable intensities, and combining them into a complex l pulsating light energy of predetermined, adjustable wave form, the said complex pulsating light energy later being converted` into sound energy. Fig. 8 is a device similar to that shown in Fig. 7, modied in construction of details.

Fig. 9 represents a device, whose purpose is similar to that of the devices shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the differences occurring in details of construction, such as the light valves and the construction in general. i

Figs. 10 and llrepresent light valves, which are electrically operated, for varying the intensity of the light energy passing through orareflecting from them. l

In Fig. 1, 1 represents a vrevolving member, which is suitably provided with a series of contacts such as 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. The said revolving member is journalled in suitable bearings, and is made to rotate by means of the belt 6, which runs over the pulley 7 and the motor pulley 8.0i the motor 9. The electric current of the source of electrical energy 10 operates the said motor 9, and is provided with the suitable resistance 11 for maintaining a desired speed of revolution of the said motor.

For producing electrical energy waves of predetermined frequency and predetermined variations of intensity, in the output 12, the line 13 of the source of electrical energy 14 is connected with the brush 15 of the commutator 16, which is brought into connection with the contacts 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., of the revolving member 1.

The circuit 17 is provided with its own contacting brush, for engaging with the: revolving member 1, including in its line the adjustable rheostat 18. Similarly, the circuit 19, which is also provided with its own contacting brush, includes in its line the adjustable rheostat 20. The circuits 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, and 31 are likewise pro- 50 vided with their own contacting brushes, and include in their lines respectively, the rheostats 22,

24, 26, 28, '30, and 32.

The lines 33 and 35 `ioin in the primary of the transformer 34, whose secondary leads to the output 12. 36 represents a low-pass filter for elimi- Y intensities may be nating all static from the brushes which contact with the revolving member 1.

' i The operation of this device will be made more clear in the explanation of the graph depicted in Fig. 3.

In Fig. 2, the motor 37 drives the revolving member 38, by means of the belt 39, which runs over the pulleys 40 and 41. The line'13' connects to the brush 42 of the commutator 43 which transmits electrical energy into the revolving member 38. The circuits 17', 19', 21', 23', 25', 27', 29', and 31', are connected consecutively to the contacts of the stationary commutator 44, over which the revolving member 38 slides while rotating. The circuits 17 to 31', inclusive, are provided with rheostats similar to 18, 20, 22, etc. of Fig. 1, and also include in their lines a transformer such as 34 of Fig. 1, and a suitable lter and output as 36 and 12 of Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3, I have shown eight graphs, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 5l, and 52, which illustrate the various intensities of the electrical energy which isV successively passed into the individua-l. brushes of the contacts 17, 19, 21, 23, etc. as shown in 1, as one of the contacts, such as 3, sweeps over the series of said brushes, during the rotation at desired speed of the revolving member l of Fig. 1. The intensities of the electrical energy are adjustable, 'being regulated by means of the variable rheostats 18 to 32, inclusive, already described in reference to Fig. 1.

For example, we may surmise that the graphs 45 to 52, inclusive, respectively represent the percentages of electrical energy, which the rheostats 18 to 32, inclusive, of Fig. 1, have been set to pass, from the source oi' electrical energy 14 to the output 12, also of Fig. 1. Therefore, as shown, the rheostat 18 has been set to pass 25% of electrical energy fromthe circuit 17. The rheostat has been set to pass 75%, the rheostat 22 has been set to pass 50%, the rheostat24 has been set to pass the rheostat 26 has been set to pass 75%, the rheostat 28 has been set to pass 50%, the rheostat 30 has been set to pass 70%,811d the rheostat 32 has been set to pass 10% of eiectrical energy. In Fig. 3, I have indicated the percentage divisions, and each graph is shown representing the percentage o1' intensity to which the rheostats of Fig. 1 have been adjusted.

53 represents a complex pulsating electrical energy,'which is the sum ofthe successive impulses of `electrical energy which are in the output 12, whilethe revolving member 1 rotates.

In the graph of Fig. 4, 54 represents the wave 53 of Fig. 3 in repetition, which takes place during the time that tw'o contacts such as 3 and 4 of the revolving member 1 of Fig. l, pass over the brushes as previously' described. 55 represents the wave which results fromt reducing the speed o f rotation of the revolving member 1 of Fig. l, to one-half the speed at which it had been rotating to produce the wave form oi electrical energy represented by the graph 54.

Fig. 5 represents a diagrammatic view of a device which produces a plurality of complex wave forms of pulsating electrical energy, each said pulsating electrical energy having its own predetermined frequency. This device is equipped with antistatic switches, for individually selecting the desired pulsating electrical energies, whose controlled by the same said switches.

The device 'shown in this ligure is provided with a common adjusting means for controlling the 75. intensities ofthe individuall impulses Wllli 90B* stitute the final complex pulsating electrical energies, in the predetermined order in which they are successively produced. This device is based on principles similar to those of the devices illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2. Instead of employing contacting brushes for the purpose of trans-v mission, as shown in Fig. 1, a magnetic flux is used in the device shown in Fig. 5, and in place of using rheostats for controlling the intensities of the individual impulses of electrical energy, as in Fig. 1, the device of Fig. 5 permits of taking different amounts of electrical energy from different taps of the source of electrical energy.

Another difference between the devices of Fig. 1 and Fig. 5 is that Fig. 1, the wave length of the wave form of pulsating electrical energy is increased or decreased in size, depending upon the speed of rotation of the revolving member 1, whereas in Fig. 5, the revolving members or phonic Wheels, which I will describe later, are rotated at suitable, predetermined, adjustable, constant speeds.

Turning to the reference numerals of Fig. 5, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, and G1 represent revolving members or phonic Wheels, each of which is provided with a predetermined number or" bosses, perforations, or depressions, as 62, or any other suitable means fcr creating successive variations in the magnetic iiux in the groups of magnets, such as 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, and 68. The intensity of the said magnetic iiux is controlled by means of the adjusters 69, 70, and 7l, which connect to different taps of the source of electrical energy 72.

The said revolving members 56 to 61, inclusive, are provided with individual means. 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, for controlling the speeds at which they rotate with the aid of the cone-shaped pulleys 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, and 84, over which the endless belt 85 is driven by the motor 86. The said motor 86 is controlled by the resistor 87.

The switches or keys 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, and 93, are provided for selecting desired frequencies of pulsating electrical energy in the output 94 and the amplification means 95, the said frequencies of pulsating electrical energy later being converted into sound energy by 96.

The said switches or keys, 88 to 93, inclusive, connect the circuit 97 and 97 with the circuit 98 and 98', 98", etc. without creating static. Each V switch or key regulates the intensity of the pulsating electrical energy inthe output 94, depending upon the position of its own primary coil, in relation to its own secondary. coil.

The regulation of the adjusting means 69, 70, and 71 of this gure, is similar in purpose to the setting of the rheostats 18, 20, 22, etc., of Fig. 1. For convenience of illustration, I have shown only three adjusting means in this iigure, whereas in Fig. 1, there are eight separate means for controlling the intensities of the individual impulses of pulsating electrical energy, as described in reference to Fig. 3.

Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, which are included in various forms in my alreadymentioned copending applications, have been described for the purpose of making more clear the principle involved in my invention.

Figs. 6-A and 6-B vrepresent ditic views which expressly outline the fundamental,

which is independently adjustable to a predetermined degree of reiiection. That is,'the light beam 106 from the source of uninterrupted light energy 107, is sent through a plurality of openings, such as 108, of the revolving member which passes before the source of light energy 107 in a downward motion, as indicated, and the said light beam reflects back from the said reflecting surfaces to the photo-sensitive element 109.

In the case where 99, 100, 101, 102, etc. represent reflecting surfaces, the light beam 106 sweeps in a downward motion over the said surfaces and reflected impulses of light energy intopulsating electrical energy. The said electrical energy may then be utilized for any suitable application. In the following figures of my drawings, I have shown the reecting or translucent surfaces in detail, illustrating how they may be adjusted to the desired degrees of reection or to the proper amount of translucency. It is to be understood, that the adjustment of the said reflecting .or translucent surfaces controls the intensity of the light energy which is reflected from or passed through them. Therefore, the impulses of light energy which fall upon the said photo-sensitive elements have predetermined intensities as well as a predetermined fraction of time of production.

In the diagraml 6A', 110 represents a pulsating electrical energy, consisting of group of consecutively produced impulses, such as 111, which is shown in repetition as 112. The impulses of the pulsating electrical energy represented by 110, are those which are converted by the photosensitive/element 109 or l09 of Fig. 6A, from the successive light impulses resulting when the said light beam 106 reects or passes through the said reectingor translucent surfaces 99 to 105, inclusive, provided that the said-surfaces have been adjusted to theY samedegree of reflection or translucency.

Referring to 6A, it can be seen that there are seven equally placed reecting or translucent surfaces. In 6A' the group 111 contains seven equal impulses of uniform frequency and intensity, the entire seven of-which are the result @of one movement, in a downward direction, of

the light beam 106, due to the motion of the revolving member which contains the openings such as 108. As the revolving member continues to rotate, there is a repetition cf the group of impulses, as represented by 112.

113 represents the impulses, still in groups of seven', as shown in 110, having the same fre- -of electrical energy, whose' order of intensities and whose frequency are proportional to those of 115, which are the result of reducing thespeed of revolution of the revolving member of A to vone half of the speed at which it was revolving vwhen it produced the impulses of 115. Therefore, it can be said that the wave forms of pulsating electrical energy 'produced by the device A keep their proportional dimensions, though the speed at which the revolving member travels may be adjusted as desired.

B represents a device which is similar to theV device A.v Thetmain di'iference lies in the fact that the reflecting or translucent surfaces in B of light reflecting fromy them to the photo-sensitive elements, but are also adjustable in the fraction of time at which the light beam as 106 is varied by them. ,Another feature of B is the described in reference to the following figures.

In 6B', 117 represents the impulses resulting when the .light beam l108 lpasses through or reects from the surfaces 99' to 105', inclusive, the said impulses having the same intensities as those of 110 of 6A'. 118 represents a group of seven impulses whose intensities are alike, but whose successive production per fraction of time is different, due to the fact that the reflecting or translucent surfacesofB are notuniform. It can be seen that the group of impulses of 118 was produced at the same fraction of time at which the group of 111'of 6A"were produced, therefore the frequencies of the groups or units consisting of the individual impulses are the are adjustable not only in degree of reflection f switch of the light lsource 107', which will be same. By changing the fraction of time of proproduction has been-changed as described inreference to 117. 122 shows the beginning of a wave form with similar vertical and horizontal proportions to the wave form 121, resulting from speed reduction of the member containing the slots such as 108', to one half the speed at which it revolved to produce the impulses of 121.

In Fig. 6, A and B have been shown as devices in which a photo-sensitive element respondsto light impulses of successively varied intensities. The same results can be obtained by simultaneously flooding the said reflecting or translucent surfaces with'light, then the spaces between the openings, such as 108, 108', of the revolving -member, will successively cast shadows on the said reflecting surfaces, or translucent surfaces, as preferred. In this way. different predeterminedamounts of light energy will be deducted as the light energy successively falls upon the said reecting or translucent surfaces. To operaro' ate in. this manner, the device used must be aci-- justed so that the shadows falling. upon the re.- ecting or translucent surfaces are the Same size or smaller than the individual surfaces themselves.

Details of construction for devices similar to A and B will be more .fullyl described in the following iigures. t

In Fig. 7, 128 represents a revolving member having openings such as 108. 126 represent sources -of uninterrupted light energy, shown suitably encased for preventing interaction of the beams. The line `127 leads' to the source of electrical energy. 128. which is pro; vided with a plurality of 'different` taps"` such as 129, 130, 131, 132, each said tapfhaving connection with one of the individualkeysfor switches 133,134, 135, and '13s. e

By placing a suitable conductor across the' 107, 124,'125, and' upper surface of the said keys, 133, 134, 135, and

136, the iight energy in the sources 107, 124, 125,- etc. will be switched on. For example, in the same thing applies to the other keys, as 134,

vkey 133, it can be seen that if 'aconductor placed so that the plate 13'1- connects'with 'either 7 135, and 136, which are suitably separated by insulators. Y

142, 143, 144, 145, and 146 represent translucent surfaces, which are similar to those shown diagrammatically in 6A and 6B. The said. translucent surfaces may be regulated to a de'-A sired degree of tnnslucency, for varying the uninterrupted light energy o atingin the sources, such as 107, 124, 125, and..126. 147 and 148 represent suitable shields, and 149 represents a photo-sensitive element, whose purpose is the same as the photo-sensitive element 109 of A lin Fig. 6. The said photo-sensitive element may a key. Such as 154, 155, 156, and 157. The said keys are provided with the members 156, 159, 160, and 161, which, when not in use, rest upon the insulator 162. By depressing any of the said keys, the cooperating member of the depressed key will slide over the contacts 163, 164, 165, and 166. Each of the said contacts, which are separated by a suitable insulator, is connected to its own tap `of the secondary 167. of the transformer 166, the primary 169 of which is connected to the suitable source of electrical energy, to which it leads. -Witn this key operation, the light energy of the light sources, such as 107, 124, 125, etc., can be controlled in its intensity as desired.

170 represents a photo-sensitive element, such as the one shown in Fig. 7, and diagrammatically in Fig. 6.- 171, 172, 173, 174, and represent adjustable reflecting surfaces, which are pro-V vided with the means for adjustment, 176, 177, 178, 179, and 180. The said reecting surfaces are made to reflectV4 different predetermined amounts of the light energy originating in the sources, such as 107 to 126, inclusive, due to the l adjustment as desired of the endless belts as 181,

which pass overthem. The said belts are divided into sections, each of which is the same size as the individual renecting surfaces. The said sections are so treated or are of such color or material, that they produce dierent degrees of rei'iection. All of the belts such as 181 are alike, and each is divided into sections of different colors= For example, if the belts are made of a white material, they may vary gradually from 100% reflecting power to 0% or a solid black. Of course, colors may be used in place of black and white. In times when reflection of either of the reflecting surfaces is not desired, any of the endless belts as 181 may be adjusted by either of the adjusting means as 176, 177, 178, 179.180,'so that a part of the belt, which has a 0% reectin power, -covers thereilecting surface which at the time is not to reflect light. Y

In Figs. 'Land 8, I'haveshown the revolving members 123 and 152 provided with' openings, for breaking up the uninterrupted light energy produced by the light sources represented in both of the saidgures as 107, 124, 125, and 126.

In Fig. 9, 182 represents a roller over which the revolving member or belt 183 turns at a predetermined speed. The said belt is providedwith rows of perfor-ations, such as 184, 185, and 186. The light sources 107, 187, 188, and 139 send their light beams, as 106, and in a downward motion over the translucent light valves 191, 192, 193, and 194, the said motion of the light beams resulting as the belt 183 turns with the roller 182. represents an electro-magnet which operates the light salve 191. A magnet such as 195 may be provided tc individually operate each light valve. 196 is a shield of the same material and translucency as the light valves 191, 192, 19?., etc. The operation of the said light valves and the shield will lie more fully described in reference to Figs. 10 and 1l.

The photo-sensitive element 197 responds to'v the light beams originating in the sources 107, 187, 188, etc., as they successively pass through the light valves 191, 192, 193, etc., and the shield 196, in a downward motion. The light beams are thus adjusted in their-intensity, due to the regulation of the said light valves, which pass a predetermined amount of lightthrough themselves and the cooperating shield 196.

Fig. 10 shows an enlarged view of a light valve, such as shown in Fig. 9. It can be seen, that by actuating either 198 or 199 in a side to side direction, different amounts of light can be passed through the transparent sections. In this case, however, the members 196 and 199 have been so adjusted, that no light may pass through them.

In Fig. 1l, the member-S198 and 199 are shown in open position. That is to say, when the members are in this position, in relation to each other, the full amount of light energy may be passed through them. I have illustrated the members in both open and closed positions, but, of course, the members may be made to assume any desired position between open and closed, in order to allow a predetermined amount of light energy to pass through them. The `electro-inagnet 200 serves as a means for driving the member 199 at a predetermined speed, or for keeping it in a desired position. j

Figs. 7 to 11, inclusive, illustrate means,'in various forms, which I can selectively use in carrying out my invention, and they were primarily meant to `describe more clearly the functions e! the .devices shown in Fig. 6. g

In describing the various devices depicted in the accompanying drawings, it has not' been mentioned that various suitable 'modifications of the devices may be employed ifit is called for. I do not, therefore, wish'to limit myself tothe exact details of construction, since I do vnot claim the structural designs which were said impulse having a predetermined intensity,-

altering the wave form and intensity of said pulsating electric current by predeterminedly and independently varying the individualy intensities of said predetermined number of electrical impulses without discontinuing production of pulsating'electric current. 2. A method for producing pulsating electric current bysuccessivelyproducingimpulsesof electric current, each said impulse having a predetermined intensity, said impulses being produced at a predeterminedfractionof time in predetermined repeated order, gradually varying the number of said impulses of electric current, independently varying the individual intensities of said impulses, and varying the fraction of time in which said impulses are produced.

3. A method for producing pulsating electric current of predetermined Waveform by producing in successive order, a predetermined number of electrical impulses, each said-impulse having a predetermined intensity, varying the Wave form of said pulsating electric current Without discontinuing production of pulsating electric current, by independently .varying the individual intensity of each successive said impulse at the time of its production.

tion of light impulses, predeterminedly and se-A lectively varying any portion of the wave form 10 of the said pulsating electric current without altering the remaining portions, during the continuous production of pulsating electric current, by varying the intensities of the corresponding light impulses from which said portion of the 15 Wave form of said pulsating electric current is produced. A IVAN EREMEEFF. 

